JLPT N4 grammar
～し — Meaning & Examples
Lists multiple reasons. おいしいし、やすいし = it's delicious AND cheap. Implies there may be even more reasons.
～し — Listing Multiple Reasons
～し lists multiple reasons — "and what's more" / "and also".
Formation: plain form + し
このレストランはおいしいし、やすいし、ちかいし、さいこうです。
— This restaurant is delicious, cheap, AND close — the best!
あしたはしけんがあるし、レポートもあるし、いそがしい。
— Tomorrow I have an exam AND a report — I'm busy.
かれはあたまがいいし、おもしろいし、かっこいい。
— He's smart, funny, AND cool.
し vs て-form listing:
て-form lists actions in sequence: おきて、シャワーをあびて、でかけた
し lists reasons/qualities: やすいし、おいしいし、べんりだし
し emphasises that there are multiple reasons — sometimes implying "among other things" (there could be more reasons the speaker isn't mentioning).
Practise ～し in the free app
This point is part of the “Giving Reasons & Contrast” lesson in A Star Japanese. Study it with examples, a quiz, flashcards and timed JLPT N4 mock exams. Free on iPhone and Android.
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Related N4 grammar points
From the same lesson: Giving Reasons & Contrast
Frequently asked questions
What does ～し mean?
Lists multiple reasons. おいしいし、やすいし = it's delicious AND cheap. Implies there may be even more reasons.
Is ～し on the JLPT N4 test?
～し is taught in the JLPT N4 grammar course in A Star Japanese (lesson “Giving Reasons & Contrast”), so it is a pattern learners at this level are expected to recognise. The JLPT does not publish an official grammar list, so treat this as a study guide rather than an official requirement.
How can I practise ～し?
Open the “Giving Reasons & Contrast” lesson in the free A Star Japanese app for iPhone and Android. It has examples, a quiz after every lesson, flashcards with spaced repetition and timed JLPT N4 mock exams, with no ads.